Optimization applied to the KLJN secure key exchange system with maximum fixed error guarantee
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E-ISSN: 2219-6714
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Nov 21, 2017
Published: Nov 21, 2017
Published: Nov 21, 2017
Abstract
The KLJN secure key exchange system has been proven to provide unconditional security in a simple way with very few electronic components. However, this system presents statistical errors that depend on parameters such as the time window for performing the key exchange and other relevant parameters used in the interpretation of the key bits. The objective of this work is to develop strategies to obtain optimal values of these parameters while ensuring that errors are kept within acceptable values. The results show that the proposed optimization techniques not only guarantee that the errors do not exceed a fixed maximum allowed error limit, but also allows to efficiently manage the system resources by using optimal values of the important parameters in the error analysis.
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Optimization, error probability, Johnson´s noise, unconditional security, KLJN systemDownloads
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Collado, E., & Sáez, Y. (2017). Optimization applied to the KLJN secure key exchange system with maximum fixed error guarantee. I+D Tecnológico, 13(2), 100-110. Retrieved from https://revistas.utp.ac.pa/index.php/id-tecnologico/article/view/1720
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(33) L. B. Kish, R. Mingesz, Z. Gingl, and C. G. Granqvist. “Spectra for the Product of Gaussian Noises.” Metrology and Measurement Systems, 19(4), pp.653-658, 2012.
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(2) W. Ford. Computer Communications Security: Principles, Standard Protocols and Techniques. Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1994.
(3) D. Stinson. Cryptography: Theory and Practice. CRC press, 2005.
(4) R. Mingesz, L.B. Kish, Z. Gingl, C.G. Granqvist, H. Wen, F. Peper, T. Eubanks, and G. Schmera. “Unconditional Security by the Laws of Classical Physics.” Metrology and Measurement Systems 20.1, pp.3–16, Mar. 2013.
(5) R. Mingesz, L. B. Kish, Z. Gingl, C.G. Granqvist, H. Wen, F. Peper, T. Eubanks, and G. Schmera. “Information Theoretic Security by the Laws of Classical Physics.” Soft Computing Applications: Proeedings of the 5th International Workshop Soft Computing Applications (SOFA), Springer Berlin- Heidelberg, pp. 11–25, 2013.
(6) L. B. Kish, D. Abbott, and C. G. Granqvist. “Critical Analysis of the Bennett-Riedel Attack on Secure Cryptographic Key Distributions via the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise Scheme.” PLoS ONE 8.12, e81810, Dec. 2013.
(7) E. Gonzalez, L. B. Kish, and R. S. Balog. “Information Theoretically Secure, Enhanced Johnson Noise based Key Distribution over the Smart Grid with Switched Filters.” PLoS ONE 8, e70206, 2013.
(8) C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, S. Breidbart, and S. Wiesner. “Quantum Cryptography, or Unforgeable Subway Tokens.” Advances in Cryptology: Advances in Cryptology, Plenum Press, pp. 267–275, 1982.
(9) H. P. Yuen. “On the Foundations of Quantum Key Distribution- Reply to Renner and Beyond.” Manuscript: arXiv:1210.2804, Oct. 2012.
(10) H. P. Yuen. “Unconditional Security in Quantum Key Distributions.” Manuscript: arXiv:1205.5065v2, May 2012.
(11) O. Hirota. “Incompleteness and Limit of Quantum Key Distribution Theory.” Manuscript: arXiv:1208.2106v2, Aug. 2012.
(12) R. Renner. “Reply to Recent Scepticism about the Foundations of Quantum Cryptography.” Manuscript: arXiv:1209.2423v.1, Sept. 2012.
(13) H. P. Yuen. “Security Significance of the Trace Distance Criterion in Quantum Key Distribution.” Manuscript: arXiv:1109.2675v3, Sept. 2012.
(14)H. P. Yuen. “Key Generation: Foundation and a New Quantum Approach.” IEEE Journal Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 15 pp.1630–1645, Nov. 2009.
(15) H. Salih, Z. H. Li, M. Al-Amri, and H. Zubairy. “Protocol for Direct Counterfactual Quantum Communication.” Physical review letters 110.17 p.170502, Apr. 2013.
(16) L. B. Kish. “Totally Secure Classical Communication Utilizing Johnson (-like) Noise and Kirchhoff’s Law.” Physics Letters A 352.3, pp.178–182, Mar. 2006.
(17) R. Mingesz, Z. Gingl, and L. B. Kish. “Johnson (-like)-Noise- Kirchhoff-Loop Based Secure Classical Communicator Characteristics, for Ranges of Two to Two Thousand Kilometers, Via Model-Line.” Physics Letters A 372.7, pp.978–984, Feb. 2008.
(18) L. B. Kish and T. Horvath. “Notes on Recent Approaches Concerning the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise-Based Secure Key Exchange.” Physics Letters A 373.32, pp.901–904, Aug. 2009.
(19) L. B. Kish and C. G. Granqvist. “On the Security of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) Communicator.” Quantum Information Processing 13.10, pp.2213-2219, Oct. 2014.
(20) D. Abbott and G. Schmera. “Secure Communications Using the KLJN Scheme.” Scholarpedia 8.8, p.31157, Aug. 2013.
(21) L. B. Kish. “Protection Against the Man in the Middle attack for the Kirchhoff-Loop Johnson(-like)-Noise Cipher and Expansion by Voltage-Based Security.” Fluctuation and Noise Letters 6.01, pp.L57-L63, Mar. 2005.
(22) L. B. Kish. “Enhanced Secure Key Exchange Systems Based on the Johnson-Noise Scheme.” Metrology and Measurement Systems 20.2 pp. 191-204, Jun. 2013.
(23) L. B. Kish and C. G. Granqvist. “On the Security of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) Communicator.” Quantum Information Processing, 13.10, pp.2213-2219, Oct. 2014.
(24) L. B. Kish. “Enhanced Usage of Keys Obtained by Physical, Unconditionally Secure Distributions.” Manuscript: http://arxiv.org/abs/1408.5800, 2014.
(25) T. Horvath, L.B. Kish, and J. Scheuer. “Effective Privacy Amplification for Secure Classical Communications.” Europhysics Letters (EPL) 94.2, p.28002, Apr. 2011.
(26) Y. Saez, X. Cao, L. B. Kish, and G. Pesti. “Securing Vehicle Communication Systems by the KLJN Key Exchange Protocol.” Fluctuation and Noise Letters 13, p.1450020, Sep. 2014.
(27) X. Cao, Y. Saez, L. B. Kish, and G. Pesti. “On KLJN-Based Secure Key Distribution in Vehicular Communication Networks.” Fluctuation and Noise Letters 14, p.1550008, Mar. 2015.
(28) L. B. Kish and R. Mingesz. “Totally Secure Classical Networks with Multipoint Telecloning (Teleportation) of Classical Bits Through Loops with Johnson-Like Noise.” Fluctuation and Noise Letters 6.02, pp.C9–C21, Jun. 2006.
(29) L. B. Kish and O. Saidi. “Unconditionally Secure Computers, Algorithms and Hardware, such as Memories, Processors, Keyboards, Flash and Hard Drives.” Fluctuation and Noise Letters 8.02, pp.L95-L98, Jun. 2008.
(30) Y. Saez and L. B. Kish. “Errors and their Mitigation at the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise Secure Key Exchange.” PLoS ONE 8.11, p.e81103, Nov. 2013.
(31) Y. Saez, L. B. Kish, R. Mingesz, Z. Gingl, and C. G. Granqvist. “Current and Voltage Based Bit Errors and their Combined Mitigation for the Kirchhoff-Law–Johnson-Noise Secure Key Exchange.” Journal of Computational Electronics 13.1, pp.271-277, Mar. 2014.
(32) Y. Saez, L. B. Kish, R. Mingesz, Z. Gingl, and C. G. Granqvist. “Bit Errors in the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise Secure Key Exchange.” International Journal of Modern Physics Conference Series 33, p.1460367, 2014.
(33) L. B. Kish, R. Mingesz, Z. Gingl, and C. G. Granqvist. “Spectra for the Product of Gaussian Noises.” Metrology and Measurement Systems, 19(4), pp.653-658, 2012.
(34) S. O. Rice. “Mathematical Analysis of Random Noise.” Bell Labs Technical Journal 23.3, pp.282-332, 1944.
(35) I. Rychlik. “On Some Reliability Applications of Rice’s Formula for the Intensity of Level Crossings.” Extremes 3.4, pp.331-348, Dec. 2000.
(36) L. B. Kish. “End of Moore's Law; Thermal (Noise) Death of Integration in Micro and Nano Electronics.” Physics Letters A 305.3, pp.144–149, Dec. 2002.
(37) L. B. Kish and C. G. Granqvist. “Electrical Maxwell Demon and Szilard Engine Utilizing Johnson Noise, Measurement, Logic and Control.” PLoS ONE 7, p.e46800, 2012.
(28) S. Boyd and L. Vandenberghe. Convex optimization. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UniversityPress.