Disminución de la densidad aparente y del módulo dinámico longitudinal de cinco maderas angiospermas después de su exposición al fuego
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ISSN: 2076-8133
E-ISSN: 2312-637X
Sección
Tecnología I+D
Tecnología I+D
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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Enviado:
Jun 19, 2021
Publicado: Feb 23, 2022
Publicado: Feb 23, 2022
Resumen
Se presenta la metodología y los resultados de pruebas de reacción al fuego de madera.
El objetivo de la investigación fue verificar si existe una disminución en la densidad y en el módulo dinámico de cinco maderas angiospermas al ser expuestas al fuego.
Se efectuaron pruebas de reacción al fuego de madera proveniente de las especies Tabebuia rosea, Andira inermis, Juglans pyriformis, Quercus spp. y Cordía elaeagnoides. Se realizaron pruebas no destructivas de vibraciones longitudinales, antes y después de exponer al fuego probetas de pequeñas dimensiones. Se determinaron la densidad aparente y el módulo dinámico para antes y después del tratamiento.
Después de su exposición al fuego las densidades de las maderas disminuyeron en las siguientes magnitudes: T. rosea 5,2%, A. inermis 3,7%, J. pyriformis 3,5%, Quercus spp. 2,7% y C. elaeagnoides 2%. Igualmente, los módulos dinámicos se redujeron de la siguiente manera: T. rosea 18,9%, A. inermis 8,2%, J. pyriformis 9,7%, Quercus spp. 9,9% y C. elaeagnoides 3,8%.
Los modelos lineales establecidos para las variables densidad y modulo dinámico indican que es posible predecir los valores esperados para cada una después del tratamiento de fuego por medio de una regresión lineal simple con un alto coeficiente de determinación.
Palabras clave
Vibraciones longitudinales, reacción al fuego, pruebas no destructivasDescargas
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Cómo citar
Sotomayor Castellanos, J. (2022). Disminución de la densidad aparente y del módulo dinámico longitudinal de cinco maderas angiospermas después de su exposición al fuego. Prisma Tecnológico, 13(1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.33412/pri.v13.1.3028
Citas
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(2) J. R. Sotomayor, Banco FITECMA de características físico-mecánicas de maderas mexicanas, Morelia: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 2015.
(3) I. Brémaud, Y. El Kaïm, D. Guibal, K. Minato, B. Thibaut and J. Gril, “Characterisation and categorisation of the diversity in viscoelastic vibrational properties between 98 wood types”, Annals of Forest Science, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 373-386, 2012.
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(10) A. Sinha, R. Gupta, and J. A. Nairn, “Thermal degradation of bending properties of structural wood and wood-based composites”, Holzforschung, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 221-229, 2011.
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(13) J. Schmid, M. Klippel, A. Just and A. Frangi, “Review and analysis of fire resistance tests of timber members in bending, tension and compression with respect to the Reduced Cross-Section Method”, Fire Safety Journal, vol. 68, no. pp. 81-99, 2014.
(14) M. J. DiDomizio, P. Mulherin and E. J. Weckman, “Ignition of wood under time-varying radiant exposures”, Fire Safety Journal, vol. 82, pp. 131-144, 2016.
(15) Q. Xu, L. Chen, K. A. Harries, F. Zhang, Q. Liu and J. Feng, “Combustion and charring properties of five common constructional wood species from cone calorimeter tests”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 96, pp. 416-427, 2015.
(16) R. Gonçalves, A. J. Trinca and B. P. Pellis, “Elastic constants of wood determined by ultrasound using three geometries of specimens”, Wood Science and Technology, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 269-287, 2014.
(17) R. Longo, D. Laux, S. Pagano, T. Delaunay, E. Le Clézio and O. Arnould, “Elastic characterization of wood by Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS): a comprehensive study”, Wood Science and Technology, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 383-402, 2018.
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(24) International Organization for Standardization, ISO 13061-1:2014. Wood. Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests, Geneve: International Organization for Standardization, 2014.
(25) International Organization for Standardization, ISO 13061-2:2014. Wood. Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests, Geneve: International Organization for Standardization, 2014.
(26) P. G. D. Segundinho, L. C. Cossolino, A. H. A. Pereira and C. Calil, “Analysis of the natural vibration frequency test method to obtain the modulus of elasticity of wood structural components”, Revista Arvore, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1155-1161, 2012.
(27) M. Yuksel, E. Baysal and H. Toker, “Combustion characteristics of oriental beech wood impregnated with commonly used borates”, Wood Research, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 39-50, 2014.
(28) G. Almeida, D. V. B. Santos and P. Perré, “Mild pyrolysis of fast-growing wood specie (Caribbean pine and Rose gum): Dimensional changes predicted by the global mass loss”, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 70, pp. 407-415, 2014.
(29) R. Emberley, T. Do, J. Yim and J. L. Torero, “Critical heat flux and mass loss rate for extinction of flaming combustion of timber”, Fire Safety Journal, vol. 91, pp. 252-258, 2017.
(30) B. Kukay, P. J. Barr, L. Friel, D. C. Coster and M. W. Halling, “Post-fire assessment, methodology, and equations for directly determining wood´s residual flexural properties”, Forest Products Journal, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 40-46, 2008.
(2) J. R. Sotomayor, Banco FITECMA de características físico-mecánicas de maderas mexicanas, Morelia: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 2015.
(3) I. Brémaud, Y. El Kaïm, D. Guibal, K. Minato, B. Thibaut and J. Gril, “Characterisation and categorisation of the diversity in viscoelastic vibrational properties between 98 wood types”, Annals of Forest Science, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 373-386, 2012.
(4) S. Schubert, D. Gsell, J. Dual, M. Motavalli and P. Niemz, “Acoustic wood tomography on trees and the challenge of wood heterogeneity”, Holzforschung, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 107-112, 2009.
(5) I. Brémaud, J. Gril and B. Thibaut, “Anisotropy of wood vibrational properties: dependence on grain angle and review of literature data”, Wood Science and Technology, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 735-754, 2011.
(6) R. R. N. Mvondo, P. Meukam, J. Jeong, D. D. Meneses and E. G Nkeng, “Influence of water content on the mechanical and chemical properties of tropical wood species”, Results in Physics, vol. 7, pp. 2096-2103, 2017.
(7) E. V. Bachtiar, S. J. Sanabria, J. P. Mittig and P. Niemz, “Moisture-dependent elastic characteristics of walnut and cherry wood by means of mechanical and ultrasonic test incorporating three different ultrasound data evaluation techniques”, Wood Science and Technology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 47-67, 2017.
(8) R. J. Ross, Nondestructive evaluation of wood: General Technical Report FPL-GTR-238, Madison: Forest Products Laboratory, 2015.
(9) J. Tippner, J. Hrivnák and M. Kloiber, “Experimental evaluation of mechanical properties of softwood using acoustic methods”, BioResources, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 503-518, 2016.
(10) A. Sinha, R. Gupta, and J. A. Nairn, “Thermal degradation of bending properties of structural wood and wood-based composites”, Holzforschung, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 221-229, 2011.
(11) M. Y. Wen, C. W. Kang and H. J. Park, “Impregnation and mechanical properties of three softwoods treated with a new fire retardant chemical”, Journal of Wood Science, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 367-375, 2014.
(12) B. Östman, D. Brandon and H. Frantzich, “Fire safety engineering in timber buildings”, Fire Safety Journal, vol. 91, no. pp. 11-20, 2017.
(13) J. Schmid, M. Klippel, A. Just and A. Frangi, “Review and analysis of fire resistance tests of timber members in bending, tension and compression with respect to the Reduced Cross-Section Method”, Fire Safety Journal, vol. 68, no. pp. 81-99, 2014.
(14) M. J. DiDomizio, P. Mulherin and E. J. Weckman, “Ignition of wood under time-varying radiant exposures”, Fire Safety Journal, vol. 82, pp. 131-144, 2016.
(15) Q. Xu, L. Chen, K. A. Harries, F. Zhang, Q. Liu and J. Feng, “Combustion and charring properties of five common constructional wood species from cone calorimeter tests”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 96, pp. 416-427, 2015.
(16) R. Gonçalves, A. J. Trinca and B. P. Pellis, “Elastic constants of wood determined by ultrasound using three geometries of specimens”, Wood Science and Technology, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 269-287, 2014.
(17) R. Longo, D. Laux, S. Pagano, T. Delaunay, E. Le Clézio and O. Arnould, “Elastic characterization of wood by Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS): a comprehensive study”, Wood Science and Technology, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 383-402, 2018.
(18) J. R. Sotomayor, “Módulo dinámico de la madera de cinco especies mexicanas expuestas al fuego”, Ingenierías, vol. 21, no. 78, pp. 20-35, 2018.
(19) J. Cordero and D. H. Boshier, Árboles de Centroamérica, San José: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 2003.
(20) J. A. Silva, et al., Fichas de propiedades tecnológicas y usos de maderas nativas de México e importadas, México: Comisión Nacional Forestal, 2010.
(21) J. R. Sotomayor and M. I. Carrillo, “Comportamiento al fuego de cinco especies mexicanas. Estudio comparativo”, Investigación e Ingeniería de la Madera, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 4-38, 2017.
(22) J. C. Tamarit y J. L. López. Xilotecnología de los principales árboles tropicales de México, México: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, 2007.
(23) International Organization for Standardization, ISO 3129:2012. Wood - Sampling methods and general requirements for physical and mechanical tests, Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2012.
(24) International Organization for Standardization, ISO 13061-1:2014. Wood. Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests, Geneve: International Organization for Standardization, 2014.
(25) International Organization for Standardization, ISO 13061-2:2014. Wood. Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests, Geneve: International Organization for Standardization, 2014.
(26) P. G. D. Segundinho, L. C. Cossolino, A. H. A. Pereira and C. Calil, “Analysis of the natural vibration frequency test method to obtain the modulus of elasticity of wood structural components”, Revista Arvore, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1155-1161, 2012.
(27) M. Yuksel, E. Baysal and H. Toker, “Combustion characteristics of oriental beech wood impregnated with commonly used borates”, Wood Research, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 39-50, 2014.
(28) G. Almeida, D. V. B. Santos and P. Perré, “Mild pyrolysis of fast-growing wood specie (Caribbean pine and Rose gum): Dimensional changes predicted by the global mass loss”, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 70, pp. 407-415, 2014.
(29) R. Emberley, T. Do, J. Yim and J. L. Torero, “Critical heat flux and mass loss rate for extinction of flaming combustion of timber”, Fire Safety Journal, vol. 91, pp. 252-258, 2017.
(30) B. Kukay, P. J. Barr, L. Friel, D. C. Coster and M. W. Halling, “Post-fire assessment, methodology, and equations for directly determining wood´s residual flexural properties”, Forest Products Journal, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 40-46, 2008.